In Korea most of cases are squamous

In Korea, most of cases ActinomycinD squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (ap-proximately 80%) followed by adenocarcinomas (ADC), although an increase in the proportion of ADC was reported (from 8.9% in 1993 to 16.1% in 2009). Unlike a downtrend in ASR-incidence of SCC (from
14.1 per 100,000 in 1993–7.0 per 100,000 in 2012), ASR-incidence of ADC has remained fairly stable over time (Fig. 2) [1,26]. These could be explained by several factors including duration and quality of screening programmes and changes in cervical cancer risk factors, such as sexual behaviour and HPV exposure.
3.3.2. HPV prevalence and type distribution
HPV prevalence in the Republic of Korea, by lesion severity and study.
Reference Study design HPV detection and targeted HPVs Age
HPV Prevalence
range
Low–grade lesions High–grade lesions Cervical cancer
(years)
Any HPV 5 most frequent Any HPV 5 most frequent Any HPV 5 most frequent
from pathology archives from the
Department of Pathology of the
Yonsei University colleague of
Cohort study among women attending
Gynecology, Inha University Hospital
screening in healthcare centres in
and at the Pundang CHA Hospital
and Gynecology in Seoul National
Reference Study design HPV detection and targeted HPVs Age
HPV Prevalence
range
Low–grade lesions High–grade lesions Cervical cancer
(years)
Any HPV 5 most frequent Any HPV 5 most frequent Any HPV 5 most frequent
Obstetrics and Gynecology of the
KangnamSt Mary’s Hospital, Catholic
Cohort study among consecutive
National Cancer Center,
Cohort study among women visited
924d Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology of Chonnam National
University Hospital (Gwangju)
Retrospective cross–sectional study
National Medical Center (Seoul) and
Dong–A University Hospital (Busan)
Case–control (hospital based) study
(continued on next page) 
Reference Study design HPV detection and targeted HPVs Age HPV Prevalence
range
Low–grade lesions High–grade lesions Cervical cancer
(years)
Any HPV 5 most frequent Any HPV 5 most frequent Any HPV 5 most frequent
Healthcare System Gangnam Center
for a routine health check–up
countries, including South Korea
Retrospective cross–sectional study
screen in 13 Korean cities
The samples for HPV testing come from cervical specimens (fresh/fixed biopsies or exfoliated cells).
(f) Women from the general population, including some with cytological cervical abnormalities. a Only type specific prevalence for Insertions HR HPV.
b Only cases of cervical adenocarcinoma. c Any HPV prevalence and type specific prevalence for HR HPV. d Type specific prevalence for HR HPV. e Includes 2 cases with squamous cell carcinoma. g Includes carcinoma.
Table 3
Burden of cancer in anatomical sites related to HPV, in the Republic of Korea, compared to Eastern Asia.
Republic of Korea
Eastern Asia
N Crude ratea ASRa N Crude ratea ASRa
Cervix Incidence
Vulva Mortality
Incidence
Penis Mortality
Incidence
Oropharynx Mortality Overall 20 0.08 0.05
“N”: number of cases; “ASR”: Age-standardized rate.
Age group (years)
Incidence
Mortality
Fig. 1. Age–specific incidence and mortality rates from cervical cancer in the Republic of Korea, in 2015.. Data sources [1] 
Fig. 2. Trends in cervical cancer incidence in the Republic of Korea, by his-tology. “SCC”: Squamous cell carcinoma; “ADC”: Adenocarcinoma; “ASR”: Age-standardized rate.. Data sources: Adapted from [1,26]
Population-based cancer survival estimates reflect the average prognosis for a given cancer type, but data on cancer survival is scarce in Korea. Data from the KCCR reports an overall 5-year relative survival 
across age, stage at diagnosis and histology in Korea. Five-year relative survival is highest for localized disease (91.1%) and lowest for distant stage cancers (25.8%) and remains consistent across age groups. With regard to age at the diagnosis, 5-year relative survival is highest in women aged 20–64 (> 90.0% for localized stage, > 70.0% for regional stage and > 30.0% for distant stage), and lowest in women aged 75 and older (63.2% for localized stage, 48.6% for regional stage and 9.4% for distant stage). In addition, 5-year relative survival is higher in SCC than in ADC regardless of stage at diagnosis [26,29].